Programming languages allow for computer instructions to be specified in a way that can be understood and directly manipulated by human programmers. This source code is generally compiled or interpreted by other processes to generate the programs that are executed by end users.

• Ada
• ALGOrithmic Language (ALGOL) - designed in the 1950s and 1960s for use in scientific computations, often identified as the first second-generation language
• Alphard - developed by Wulf, Shaw and London of Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in 1974, demonstrates early use of data abstraction
• Basic Combined Programming Language (BCPL) - simple typeless language that was designed in 1966 by Martin Richards and implemented for the first time at MIT in the Spring of 1967, C is based on B, which was based on BCPL, which was based on CPL
• C - popular high-level language
• VectorC - Codeplay - high performance C compiler
• C++ - high-level, object-oriented language
• CLU
• Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL) - second-oldest high-level programming language that is particularly popular for business applications that run on large computers
• Eiffel
• Factoids > Programming Languages - Susan Stepney
• FORTRAN (Formula Translator) - oldest high-level programming language
• Forth - developed by Charles Moore around 1970 for controlling telescopes, generally used for embedded systems, interpreted by a virtual machine
• Haskell - polymorphicly typed, lazy, purely functional language
• Jython - implementation of Python, written in Java and integrated with the Java platform
• The Language List Centre Universitaire d'Informatique (CUI), quite extensive but no longer actively maintained
• List Processor (Lisp) - developed by John McCarthy in the late 1950s, widely used for work on artifical intelligence (AI)
• Association of Lisp Users
• History of Lisp - John McCarthy, 1979
• Lisp History - Herbert Stoyan
• Meta-Language (ML) - family of languages with [usually] functional control structures, strict semantics, a strict polymorphic type system, and parametrized modules, includes Standard ML, Lazy ML, CAML, CAML Light, and various research languages
• Miranda - developed in 1985-86 by David Turner
• Modula-2 - developed by Niklaus Wirth at ETH in Zurich, Switzerland in the late 1970s, approved as an ISO Standard
• Modula-3 - Designed in the late 1980s at Digital Equipment Corporation and Olivetti
• Oberon - created by Niklaus Wirth and J. Gutknecht in 1986 at the Institute for Computer Systems, ETH Zürich to teach modern programming language and operating system concepts to ETH students
• Orca - for parallel programming on distributed systems, based on the shared data-object model, originally designed for the Amoeba project but implemented since on other platforms
• Process Oriented, Applicative and Interpretable Specification Language (PAISLey) - operational specification language from Bell Labs
• Pascal - strongly-typed language with a one-pass compiler, designed for instructional purposes about 1967-68 by Niklaus Wirth
• PL/I
• Programming Languages for the Java Virtual Machine
• Python - open-source interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
• Self - experimental language developed at Sun Microsystems, allows objects to inherit state and to change their patterns of inheritance dynamically
• SET Language (SETL) - (site maintained by David Bacon) very high level language based on sets, designed by Jack Schwartz at the Courant Institute in the early 1970s, first described in his 1970 book Set Theory as a Language for Program Specification and Programming
• SETL2 - Kirk Snyder
• Simula - designed and built by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard at the Norwegian Computing Centre (NCC) in Oslo between 1962 and 1967, generally recognized as the first object-oriented language
• Smalltalk - developed by Alan Kay through his work at Utah University and then the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), introduced many aspects of object-oriented programming
• tcl (Tool Command Language)/tk - open-source scripting language (tk is a graphic extension to tcl)
• Ajuba - scripting tools, applications, and services based on Tcl
• Tcl Developer Xchange
• Tcl/Tk Contributed Sources Archive
• Templet - web scripting language
• Visual Basic - developed by Microsoft
• Yahoo! Programming Languages
• XLISP - superset of the Scheme dialect of Lisp with extensions to support object-oriented programming