School of Information and Library Science
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

INLS 718, User Interface Design
Spring 2008

Optional Readings

Introduction / Learning about Users, their Tasks, and the Context of those Tasks /
Developing a Design / Specifying the Design in a Prototype / Evaluating the Design

Syllabus / Schedule (today) / Assignments / Blackboard site

Session 1: January 9, Introduction

• Marcus, A. (2003). When is a user not a user? Who are we? What do we do? interactions, 10(5), 28-34. [ACM Digital Library]
• Marcus, A. (2002). Dare we define user-interface design? interactions, 9(5), 19-24. [ACM Digital Library]
• Allen, B., & Buie, E. (2002). What's in a word? The semantics of usability. interactions, 9(2), 17-21. [ACM Digital Library]

Session 2: January 14, The process of design

• Gulliksen, J., Göransson, B., Boivie, I., Vlomkvist, S., Persson, J., & Cajander, A. (2003). Key principles for user-centered systems design. Behaviour & Information Technology, 22(6), 397-409. [Read about the key principles, section 4, p401-403.] [Online via UNC libraries]
• Thackara, J. (2001). The design challenge of pervasive computing. interactions, 8(3), 46-52. (With particular attention to the "Articles of Association Between Design, Technology, and The People Formerly Known as Users" on p.50.) [ACM Digital Library]

Learning about Users, their Tasks, and the Context of those Tasks

Session 3: January 16, How people understand systems; Cognition

• Payne, S. J. (2003). Users' mental models: the very ideas. In Carroll, J. M. (ed.), HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science. Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann, 135-156. [SILS - QA76.9 .H85 C367 2003]
• Lester, P.M. (2006). Visual Communication: Images with Messages. Thomson Wadsworth. [SILS - P93.5 .L47 2006]
  • Chapter 3, The eye, the retina, and the brain
  • Chapter 4, What the brain sees: Color, form, depth, and movement
  • Chapter 5, The sensual and perceptual theories of visual communication

January 21: Martin Luther King Jr., Day, holiday; No class

Session 4: January 23, Developing the user profile(s)

• Personas
  • Pruitt, J., & Adlin, T. (2006). The Persona Lifecycle: Keeping People in Mind throughout Product Design. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann. [Davis Library - HF5415.15 .P79 2006]
  • Mulder, S., & Yaar, Z. (2006). The User Is Always Right: A Practical Guide to Creating and Using Personas for the Web. New Riders Press. [SILS - HF5415.1265 .M85 2007]
  • Kuniavsky, M. (2003). User profiles. In Observing the User Experience: A Practitioner's Guide to User Research. MOrgan Kaufmann, 128-157. [Math/Physics Library - QA76.9 .H85 K86 2003]
  • Wodtke, C. (2003). How to create personas. In Information Architecture: Blueprints for the Web. New Riders Press, 165-178. [SILS - TK5105.888 .W637 2003]
  • Courage, C., & Baxter, K. (2005). Step 2: Personas. In Understanding Your Users: A Practical Guide to User Requirements Methods, Tools, and Techniques. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 47-52. [SILS - QA76.9 .H85 C69 2005; also a NetLibrary e-book]
• Sources of data on internet users:
  • iPoll database, Roper Center. http://www.ropercenter.uconn.edu/ipoll.html
  • Day, J.C., Janus, A., & Davis, J. (2005, October). Current Population Reports: Computer and Internet Use in the United States: 2003. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p23-208.pdf
  • ClickZ Stats. Formerly CyberAtlas. http://www.clickz.com/stats/
  • Surveying the Digital Future: A Longitudinal International Study of the Individual and Social Effects of PC/Internet Technology. Center for a Digital Future, Annenberg School, University of Southern California. http://www.digitalcenter.org/pages/current_report.asp?intGlobalId=19
  • Pew Internet & American Life Project. http://www.pewinternet.org/
  • A Nation Online: Entering the Broadband Age. (2004). U.S. Dept. of Commerce. http://www.ntia.doc.gov/reports/anol/index.html
  • Table No. 913. Internet Access and Usage, and Online Service Usage. U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/statab/freq/00s0913.tx

Session 5: January 28, Understanding the user's task

• On metaphors
  • Hudson, W. (2000). Metaphor: a double-edged sword. interactions, 7(3): 11-15. [ACM Digital Library]
  • Barfield, L. (2004). Metaphors. In Design for New Media: Interaction Design for Multimedia and the Web. Harlow, England: Pearson/Addison Wesley, 302-310. [SILS - TK5105.888 .B365 2004]
  • Blackwell, A.F. (2006). The reification of metaphor as a design tool. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 13(4), 490-530. [ACM Digital Library]
  • Hamilton, A. (2000). Interface metaphors and logical analogues: a question of terminology. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51(2): 111-122. [UNC libraries]
  • Stubblefield, W. A. (1998). Patterns of change in design metaphor: a case study. In Karat, C., Lund, A., Coutaz, J., & Karat, J. (Eds.), Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 98 Conference Proceedings (Los Angeles, April 18-23, 1998). New York: ACM, 73-80. [ACM Digital Library]
• On cognitive task analysis:
• Vicente, K. J. (1999). Cognitive Work Analysis: Toward Safe, Productive, and Healthy Computer-Based Work. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. [Davis - QA76.9.H85 V515 1999]
  • Chapter 4, Descriptive approaches to work analysis: "What workers really do", p87-108
• Wei, J., & Salvendy, G. (2004). The cognitive task analysis methods for job and task design: review and reappraisal. Behaviour & Information Technology, 23(4), 273-299. [UNC libraries]
• On activity theory:
• Constantine, L.L. (2006). Activity modeling: Toward a pragmatic integration of activity theory with usage-centered design. Techical Paper. Draft - Revision 2.0. Funchal, Portugal: Laboratory for Usage-Centered Software Engineering, Department of Mathematics and Engineering, University of Madeira. http://www.foruse.com/articles/activitymodeling.pdf.
• Kaptelinin, V. (1996). Activity theory: implications for human-computer interaction. In Nardi, B. A. (ed.), Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory and Human-Computer Interaction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 103-116. [SILS, Davis - QA76.9.H85 C68 1996]
• Bertelsen, O. W., & Bødker, S. (2003). Activity theory. In Carroll, J. M. (ed.), HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science. Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann, 291-324. [SILS - QA76.9 .H85 C367 2003]
• Kuutti, K. (1996). Activity theory as a potential framework for human-computer interaction research. In Nardi, B. A. (ed.), Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory and Human-Computer Interaction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 17-44. [SILS - QA76.9 .H85 C68 1996]
• Bødker, S. (1991). Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. [SILS - QA76.9.H85 B63 1991]
  • Chapter 2, Human activity and human-computer interaction, p18-56.
• Engeström, Y. (2000). Activity theory as a framework for analyzing and redesigning work. Ergonomics, 43(7), 960-974. [UNC libraries]
• On GOMS:
• John, B. E. (2003). Information processing and skilled behavior. In Carroll, J. M. (ed.), HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science. Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann, 55-101. [SILS - QA76.9 .H85 C367 2003]
• John, B. E., & Kieras, D. E. (1996). Using GOMS for user interface design and evaluation: which technique? ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 3(4), 287-319. [ACM Digital Library]
• John, B. E., & Kieras, D. E. (1996). The GOMS family of user interface analysis techniques: comparison and contrast. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 3(4), 320-351. [ACM Digital Library]
• On Fitts' Law:
• MacKenzie, I. S. (2003). Motor behavior models for human-computer interaction. In Carroll, J. M. (ed.), HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science. Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann, 27-54. [SILS - QA76.9 .H85 C367 2003]

Session 6: January 30, Documenting the task: essential use cases, scenarios

• Cockburn, A. (2000). Writing Effective Use Cases. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Professional. [SILS - QA76.76.A65 C63 2001]
  • Section 1.1, What is a use case (more or less)?, p1-6
  • Section 2.1, Interactions between actors with goals, p23-29
  • Section 7.2, Action steps, p90-97
• Carroll, J. M. (2000). Five reasons for scenario-based design. Interacting with Computers, 13(1), 43-60. [UNC libraries]
• Diaper, D. (2002). Discussion: Task scenarios and thought. Interacting with Computers, 14(5), 629-638. [UNC libraries]
• Sutcliffe, A. (2003). Symbiosis and synergy? Scenarios, task analysis and reuse of HCI knowledge. Interacting with Computers, 15(2), 245-263. [UNC libraries]

Session 7: February 4, Continuation: Documenting the task

• None

Session 8: February 6, Errors in performing the task; The user experience

• Errors
  • Norman, D.A. (1988). To err is human. In The Psychology of Everyday Things. New York: Basic Books, 105-140. [SILS, Davis, Undergrad - TS171.4 .N67 1988]
  • Rantanen, E.M., Palmer, B.O., Wiegmann, D.A., & Musiorski, K.M. (2006). Five-dimensional taxonomy to relate human errors and technological interventions in a human factors literature database. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 57(9), 1221-1232. [UNC libraries]
• The user experience
  • Boehner, K., DePaula, R., Dourish, P., & Sengers, P. (2007). How emotion is made and measured. International Journal of Human-Computer studies, 65(4), 275-291. [UNC libraries]
  • Blythe, M., & Wright, P. (2003). From usability to enjoyment: Introduction. In Blythe, M., Overbeeke, K., Monk, A.F., & Wright, P.C. (eds.), Funology: From Usability to Enjoyment. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic, pxiii-xix. [SILS - QA76.9 .H85 F88 2004; UNC libraries, e-book]
  • Brandtzæg, P.B., Følstad, A., & Heim, J. (2004). Enjoyment: Lessons from Karasek. In Blythe, M., Overbeeke, K., Monk, A.F., & Wright, P.C. (eds.), Funology: From Usability to Enjoyment. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic, p55-65. [SILS - QA76.9 .H85 F88 2004; UNC libraries, e-book]
  • Norman, D. A. (2002). Emotion & design: attractive things work better. interactions, 9(4), 36-42. [ACM Digital Library]
  • Zhang, P., & Li, N. (2005). The importance of affective quality. Communications of the ACM, 48(9), 105-108. [ACM Digital Library]
  • Redström, J. (2006). Towards user design? On the shift from object to user as the subject of design. Design Studies, 27(2), 123-139. [UNC libraries]
  • Hallnäs, L., & Redström, J. (2002). From use to presence: on the expressions and aesthetics of everyday computational things. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interactions, 9(2), 106-124. [ACM Digital Library]
  • Kalbach, J. (2004). Feeling lucky? Emotions and information seeking. interactions, 11(5), 66-67. [ACM Digital Library]
  • Isbister, K., Höök, K., Laaksolahti, J., & Sharp, M. (2007). The sensual evaluation instrument: Developing a trans-cultural self-report measure of affect. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65(4), 315-328. [UNC libraries]
  • Hazlett, R.L., & Benedek, J. (2007). Measuring emotional valence to understand the user's experience of software. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65(4), 306-314. [UNC libraries]
  • Yee, P. L., Hsieh-Yee, I., Pierce, G. R., Grome, R., & Schantz, L. (2004). Self-evaluative intrusive thoughts impede successful searching on the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 20(1), 85-101. [UNC libraries]

Session 9: February 11, Task genres of special interest: searching, browsing, data entry

• Some interesting examples of searching/browsing interfaces (we'll examine during class)
• Starfields and dynamic queries: Shneiderman, B. (1999, February 4). Dynamic queries, starfield displays, and the path to Spotfire. http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/spotfire/
• Dynamic Queries Demos, available via the Open Video Repository. http://www.open-video.org/details.php?videoid=709
• Previews and overviews of a large collection: Library of Congress America Memory Project (Collection Finder). http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/finder.html
• An overview of a collection: Nation, D. (1998). WebTOC. CHI 98 video program : making the impossible possible (Los Angeles, California, April 18-23, 1998). SILS Library video, 45-V117. Available via the Open Video Repository. http://www.open-video.org/details.php?videoid=4954
• Hyperbolic browser: Inxight VizServer (formerly Star Tree). Online Demos available in right column. http://www.inxight.com/products/vizserver/
• Baby name visualization. http://babynamewizard.com/namevoyager/lnv0105.html
• Scatter/gather approach to IR: Hearst, M. (n.d.) A scatter/gather example. http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/images/sg-example1.html
• Grokker. Outline and map views of results.http://grokker.com/.
• Tilebars for representing search results: Hearst, M. (n.d.) TileBars examples. http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/images/tb-example.html
• Tilebars, video demo: Hearst, M. A., & Pedersen, J. O. (1996). Visualizing information retrieval results: a demonstration of the TileBar interface. In Common ground, CHI 96 video program (Vancouver, British Columbia, April 13-18, 1996). SILS Library video, 45-V103. Also available via the Open Video Repository. http://www.open-video.org/details.php?videoid=4568
• ProfileSkim: Harper, D. J., Koychev, I., Sun, Y, & Pirie, I. (2004). Within-document retrieval: A user-centered evaluation of relevance profiling. Information Retrieval, 7, 265-290. [Brief project description at http://www.comp.rgu.ac.uk/staff/sy/msProf.htm]
• Open Video surrogates. (For example of all available surrogates, search "water" and select "City Water Supply" from the list.) http://www.open-video.org/index.php
• Focused searching
• Bates, M. J. (2002). After the dot-bomb: getting web information retrieval right this time. First Monday, 7(7). http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_7/bates/index.html
• Allen, B. L. (1996). Information Tasks: Toward a User-Centered Approach to Information Systems. San Diego: Academic Press. [SILS Reserve - QA76.9 .U83 A5 1996]
  • Chapter 6, Designing systems to meet expressed information needs, p152-187
• Broder, A. (2002). A taxonomy of Web search. SIGIR Forum, 36(2), 3-10. [ACM Digital Library]
• Browsing
• Allen, B. L. (1996). Information Tasks: Toward a User-Centered Approach to Information Systems. San Diego: Academic Press. [SILS Reserve - QA76.9 .U83 A5 1996]
• Chapter 8, Design details for information systems, p218-244
• Rice, R. E., McCreadie, M., & Chang, S-J. L. (2001). Accessing and Browsing Information and Communication. Cambridge: MIT Press. [SILS - ZA3075 .R53 2001]
• Chapter 9, Perspectives on browsing in six research literatures, p173-215
• Chapter 10, A preliminary framework of browsing, p217-236
• Data entry
  • Eklundh, K. S., Marmolin, H., & Hedin, C.-E. (1985). Experimental evaluation of dialogue types for data entry. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 22(6), 651-661. [M/P]
  • Bargas-Avila, J.A., Oberholzer, G., Schmutz, P., de Vito, M., & Opwis, K. (2007). Usable error message presentation in the World Wide Web: Do not show errors right away. Interacting with Computers, 19(3), 330-341. [UNC libraries]
  • Fröhlich, D. M. (1986). On the organisation of form-filling behaviour. Information Design Journal, 5(1), 43-59. (with special attention to sections 1 and 4) [Available from instructor]
  • Fröhlich, D. M. (1987). On the re-organisation of form-filling behaviour in an electronic medium. Information Design Journal, 5(2), 111-128. (with special attention to sections 1 and 5) [Available from instructor]

Session 10: February 13, The content/meaning associated with the task: information architecture

• Fleming, J. (1998). Web Navigation: Designing the User Experience. Beijing: O'Reilly. [Electronic reserves]
• Chapter 4, Site architecture, 45-58 only
• Conger, S., & Mason, R. O. (1998). Planning and Designing Effective Web Sites. Cambridge, MA: Course Technology. [Electronic reserves]
  • Chapter 4, Information decomposition and information structuring, p61-80 only
• Kahn, P., & Lenk, K. (2001). Mapping Web Sites. Crans-Prés-Cèligny, Switzerland: RotoVision. [SILS - TK5105.888 .K33 2001 folio]
• Farris, J. S., Jones, K. S., & Elgin, P. D. (2002). Users' schemata of hypermedia: What is so spatial about a Website? Interacting with Computers, 14(5), 487-502. [UNC libraries]
• Maglio, P. P., & Matlock, T. (1999). The conceptual structure of information space. In Munro, A. J., Höök, K., & Benyon, D. (eds.), Social Navigation of Information Space. London: Springer, 155-173. [SILS, Davis - QA76.9 .C66 S625 1999]
• Eschenfelder, K. (2003). The customer is always right, but whose customer is more important?: Conflict and Web site classification schemes. Information Technology & People, 16(4), 419-439. [UNC libraries]
• Greene, S., Marchionini, G., Plaisant, C., & Shneiderman, B. (2000). Previews and overviews in digital libraries: designing surrogates to support visual information seeking. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51(4): 380-393. [UNC libraries]

Developing a Design

Session 11: February 18, From analysis to design requirements

• Valacich, J.S., Parboteeah, D.V., & Wells, J.D. (2007). The online consumer's hierarchy of needs. Communications of the ACM, 50(9), 84-90. [ACM Digital Library]
• Graefe, T. M. (1998). Transforming representations in user-centered design. In Wood, L. E. (Ed.), User Interface Design: Bridging the Gap from User Requirements to Design. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 57-79. [SILS - QA76.9.U83 U837 1998]
• McLaughlin, L. (2004). What's next in Web search? IEEE Distributed Systems Online, 5(11). [UNC libraries]
• Erickson, T. D. (1990). Creativity and design: introduction. In Laurel, B. (Ed.), The Art of HCI Design. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1-4. [SILS - QA76.9 .H85 A78 1990]
• Mountford, S. J. (1990). Tools and techniques for creative design. In Laurel, B. (Ed.), The Art of HCI Design. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 17-30. [SILS - QA76.9 .H85 A78 1990]
• von Oech, R. (1990). A Whack on the Side of the Head: How You Can Be More Creative. Rev. ed. New York: Warner Books. [SILS - BF408 .V58 1990]

Session 12: February 20, Making design decisions

• Rogers, Y. (2004). New theoretical approaches for human-computer interaction. Annual Review of Information Science & Technology, 38, 87-144. [SILS Reference - Z699.A1 A65 2004
• Singley, M. K., & Carroll, J. M. (1996). Synthesis by analysis: Five modes of reasoning that guide design. In Moran, T. P., & Carroll, J. M., Design Rationale:  Concepts, Techniques, and Use.  Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 241-265.

• Some specialized HCI-related databases and search engines
  • Perlman, G. (current). HCI Bibliography: Human-Computer Interaction Resources. http://www.hcibib.org/
  • ACM Digital Library. (Includes ACM publications, as well as a selection of computer science publications from other professional associations.) Access provided by UNC libraries. http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm.
  • INSPEC. (A large general database in physics, electrical and mechanical engineering, computers and related physical sciences; narrow search to HCI-related materials first.) Access provided by UNC libraries. http://isiknowledge.com/inspec.
  • Business Source Premier. (Indexes materials in the business literature; narrow to systems-related materials first.) Access provided by UNC libraries. http://www.nclive.org/cgi-bin/nclsm?rsrc=207&iface=1.
  • Web Design and Development Search Engine. http://www.google.com/coop/cse?cx=016922651527009665999:sy2tfafncnm.
  • Best Ever HCI Search. http://www.google.com/coop/cse?cx=010786079857310088634:2rtiihxhtaa.
• Some sources of guidelines
  • Johnson, J. (2000). GUI Bloopers: Don'ts and Do's for Software Developers and Web Designers. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann. [SILS Reserve - QA76.9 .U83 J63 2000]
  • Reeves, L. M., et al. (2004). Guidelines for multimodal user interface design. Communications of the ACM, 47(1), 57-59. [ACM Digital Library]
  • Mayhew, D. J. (1992). Principles and Guidelines in Software User Interface Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. [SILS Reserve - QA76.9 .U83 M39 1992]
  • Fowler, S. L., & Stanwick, V. R. (1995). The GUI Style Guide. Boston: AP Professional. [SILS Reserve - QA76.9 .U83 F69 1995]
  • Apple Human Interface Guidelines. (2006, Oct.3). http://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/OSXHIGuidelines/index.html.
  • Ease of Use > Design . IBM. http://www-03.ibm.com/easy/page/561.
  • Raskin, J. (1996). Wanted: for crimes against the interface: thoughts on an HCI poster. interactions, 3(6), 70-76. [ACM Digital Library]
• Some sources of guidelines and other readings specific to Web applications
  • National Cancer Institute. (n.d.) Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines. http://usability.gov/guidelines/
  • Lynch, P. J., & Horton, S. (2001). Web Style Guide: Basic Design Principles for Creating Web Sites. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press. http://info.med.yale.edu/caim/manual/index.html. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .L96 2002]
  • Brinck, T., Gergle, D., & Wood, S. (2002). Designing Web Sites that Work. Morgan Kaufmann. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .B763 2002]
  • Baxley, B. (2003). Making the Web Work: Designing Effective Web Applications. New Riders. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .B395 2002]
  • Nielsen, J., & Tahir, M. (2002). Homepage Usability: 50 Websites Deconstructed. Indianapolis: New Riders. [SILS Reserve - HD30.37 .N54 2002]
    • Homepage guidelines, p7-35
  • Farkas, D. K., & Farkas, J. B. (2002). Principles of Web Design. New York: Longman. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .F36 2002]
  • Hammerich, I. (2002). Developing Online Content: The Principles of Writing and Editing for the Web. New York: Wiley. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .H36 2002]
  • Kahn, P., & Lenk, K. (1998). Principles of typography for user interface design. interactions, 5(6), 15-29. [ACM Digital Library]
  • Marcus, A. (2004). Branding 101 [Fast Forward]. interactions, 11(5), 14-21. [ACM Digital Library]
  • Williams, R., & Tollett, J. (2000). The Non-Designer's Web Book. 2nd ed. Berkeley: Peachpit Press. Particularly Parts 3 and 4. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .W5536 2000]
  • Veen, J. (2001). The Art & Science of Web Design. Indianapolis: New Riders. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .V43 2001]
  • Nielsen, J. (2000). Designing Web Usability. Indianapolis: New Riders. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .N55 2000]
  • Sklar, J. (2000). Principles of Web Design. Cambridge, MA: Thomson Learning. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .S583 2000]
  • Nielsen, J. (1998). Writing for the Web. http://www.sun.com/980713/webwriting/
  • Pearrow, M. (2000). Web Site Usability Handbook. Rockland, MA: Charles River Media. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .P4223 2000]
  • Powell, T. (2000). Web Design: The Complete Reference. Berkeley, CA: Osborne/McGraw-Hill. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .P617 2000]
  • Van Duyne, D. K., Landay, J. A., & Hong, J. I. (2003). Design of Sites: Patterns, Principles and Processes for Crafting a Customer-Centered Web Experience. Boston: Addison-Wesley. [SILS Reserve - TK5105.888 .V36 2003]
  • Nielsen, J. (1999, October 3). Ten good deeds in Web design. Jakob Nielsen's Alertbox. http://www.useit.com/alertbox/991003.html.
  • Manber, U., Patel, A., & Robison, J. (2000). Experience with personalization on Yahoo! Communications of the ACM, 43(8): 35-39. [ACM Digital Library]
• Web guidelines for accessibility; related readings
  • W3C Web Accessibility Initiative. (2006, Jan. 20). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Overview. http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag.php.
  • Chisolm, W., Vanderheiden, G., & Jacobs, I. (2001). Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0. interactions, 8(4), 35-54. [ACM Digital Library]
  • Providenti, M., & Zai, R., III. (2007). Web accessibility at academic libraries: Standards, legislation, and enforcement. Library Hi Tech, 25(4), 494-508. [UNC libraries]
  • Theofanos, M. F., & Redish, J. D. (2003). Bridging the gap: Between accessibility and usability. interactions, 10(6), 36-51. [ACM Digital Library]
  • Web Accessibility in Mind [website]. http://www.webaim.org/
  • Curran, K., Walters, N., & Robinson, D. (2007). Investigating the problems faced by older adults and people with disabilities in online environments. Behaviour & Information Technology, 26(6), 447-453. [UNC libraries]
  • Coombs, N. (2002). Electronic ramp to success: designing campus Web pages for users with disabilities. Educause Quarterly, 25(2), 45-51. [http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eqm0226.pdf]
  • Ellison, J. (2004). Assessing the accessibility of fifty United States government web pages: Using Bobby to check on Uncle Sam. First Monday, 9(7). http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue9_7/ellison/index.html

Session 13: February 25, Documenting design decisions

• Siegel, D., & Rouchka, T. (2002). Demo-driven design or design-driven demos: vaporware, demos, and prototypes. interactions, 9(4), 25-30. [ACM Digital Library]

Specifying the Design in a Prototype

Session 14: February 27, Prototyping; Documenting the design

• Rosenberg, D. (2006). Revisiting tangible speculation: 20 years of UI prototyping. interactions, 13(1), 31-32. [ACM Digital Library]

Session 15: March 3, Midterm course evaluation; Review of progress on design projects; Specific interaction styles

• Hutchins, E. L., Hollan, J. D., & Norman, D. A. (1986). Direct manipulation interfaces. In Norman, D. A., & Draper, S. W. (eds.), User Centered System Design. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 87-124. [M/P Library - QA76.9.I58 U73 1986]
• Torres, R. J. (2002). Practitioner's Handbook for User Interface Design and Development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR. [SILS - QA76.9.U83 T68 2002]
  • Chapter 5, Popular UI styles, p67-86

Session 16: March 5, Visual design principles

• Lester, P.M. (2006). Visual Communication: Images with Messages. Thomson Wadsworth. [SILS - P93.5 .L47 2006]
  • Chapter 9, Graphic design
  • Chapter 10, Informational graphics

March 8-16: Spring Break (no class)

Session 17: March 17, Prototypes (meet in SILS Computer Lab)

• None

Session 18: March 19, Prototypes (meet in SILS Computer Lab)

• None

Evaluating the Design

Session 19: March 24, Evaluation overview

• Holzinger, A. (2005). Usability engineering methods for software developers. Communications of the ACM, 48(1), 71-74. [ACM Digital Library]
• McNamara, N., & Kirakowski, J. (2006). Functionality, usability, and user experience: Three areas of concern. interactions, 13(6), 26-28. [ACM Digital Library]

Session 20: March 26, Usability inspection methods

• Agarwal, R., & Venkatesh, V. (2002). Assessing a firm's web presence: a heuristic evaluation procedure for the measurement of usability. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 168-186. [UNC libraries]
• Cogdill, K. (1999). MEDLINEplus Interface Evaluation: Final Report. College Park, MD: College of Information Studies, University of Maryland.  http://www.clis.umd.edu/research/reports/99/99-02.pdf.
• Levi, M. D., & Conrad, F. G. (1996). A heuristic evaluation of a World Wide Web prototype. interactions, 3(4), 50-61. [ACM Digital Library]
• Muller, M. J., Matheson, L., Page, C., & Gallup, R. (1998). Participatory heuristic evaluation. interactions, 5(5), 13-18. [ACM Digital Library]
• Hvannberg, E.T., Law, E.L.-C., & Lárusdóttir, M.K. (2007). Heuristic evaluation: Comparing ways of finding and reporting usability problems. Interacting with Computers, 19(2), 225-240. [UNC libraries]

Session 21: March 31, An exercise in usability inspection

• None

Session 22: April 2, Observation, interviews and think-aloud protocols

• van Someren, M. W., Barnard, Y. F., & Sandberg, J. A. C. (1994). The Think Aloud Method: A Practical Guide to Modelling Cognitive Processes. London: Academic Press. [SILS Reserve - BF444 .S63 1994]
  • Chapter 3, The think aloud method, p29-39
  • Chapter 4, Practical procedures in obtaining think aloud protocols, p41-48

ACM SIGCHI, April 5-10 (no class)

Session 23: April 14, Usability testing: study design and implementation

• Rubin, J. (1994). Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [SILS Reserve - QA76.9 .U83 R82 1994]
• Barnum, C. (2002). Usability Testing and Research. New York: Longman. [SILS Reserve - QA76.9 .U83 B362 2002]
  • Chapter 5, Planning for a usability test
• Van den Haak, M. J., de Jong, M. D. T., & Schellen, P. J. (2004). Employing think-aloud protocols and constructive interaction to test the usability of online library catalogues: a methodological comparison. Interacting with Computers, 16(6), 1153-1170. [UNC libraries]
• Byrne, G. (2007). A statistical primer: Understanding descriptive and inferential statistics. Evidence-Based Library and Information Practice, 2(1), 32-47. [Online]
• Lewis, J.R. (2006). Sample sizes for usability tests: Mostly math, not magic. interactions, 13(6), 29-33. [ACM Digital Library]
• Narayan, S. M., & Corcoran-Perry, S. (1997). Line of reasoning as a representation of nurses' clinical decision making. Research in Nursing & Health, 20(4), 353-364. [Health Sciences Library]
• Wang, P., Hawk, W. B., & Tenopir, C. (2000). Users' interaction with World Wide Web resources: an exploratory study using a holistic approach. Information Processing & Management, 36(2), 229-252. [UNC libraries]
• Markopoulos, P., & Bekker, M. (2003). On the assessment of usability testing methods for children. Interacting with Computers, 15(2), 227-243. [UNC libraries]

Session 24: April 16, Usability testing: study design and implementation, continued; Usability studies: examples

• Garoufallou, E., Siatri, R., & Balatsoukas, P. (2008). Virtual maps - virtual worlds: Testing teh usability of a Greek virtual cultural map. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 59(4), 591-601. [UNC libraries]
• Jung, S., Herlocker, J.L., Webster, J., Mellinger, M., & Frumkin, J. (2008). LibraryFind: System design and usability testing of academic metasearch system. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 59(3), 375-389. [UNC libraries]
• Burigat, S., Chittaro, L., & Gabrielli, S. (2008). Navigation techniques for small-screen devices: An evaluation on maps and Web pages. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66(2), 78-97. [UNC libraries]
• Chung, W., Lai, G., Bonillas, A., Xi, W., & Chen, H. (2008). Organizing domain-specific information on the Web: An experiment on the Spanish business Web directory. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66(2), 51-66. [UNC libraries]
• Joho, H., & Jose, J.M. (2008). Effectiveness of additional representations for the search result presentations on the Web. Information Processing & Management, 44(1), 226-241. [UNC libraries]
• Robins, D., & Holmes, J. (2008). Aesthetics and credibility in Web site design. Information Processing & Management, 44(1), 386-399. [UNC libraries]
• Armbrüster, C., Sutter, C., & Ziefle, M. (2007). Notebook input devices put to the age test: The usability of trackpoint and touchpad for middle-aged adults. Ergonomics, 50(3), 426-445. [UNC libraries]
• Butavicius, M.A., & Lee, M.S. (2007). An empirical evaluation of four data visualization techniques for displaying short news text similarities. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65(11), 931-944. [UNC libraries]
• Given, L.M., Ruecker, S., Simpson, H., Sadler, E.B., & Ruskin, A. (2007). Inclusive interface design for seniors: Image-browsing for a health information context. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 58(11), 1610-1617. [UNC libraries]
• Hong, W., Thong, J.Y.L., & Tam, K.Y. (2007). How do Web users respond to non-banner-ads animation? The effects of task type and user experience. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 58(10), 1467-1482. [UNC libraries]
• Hornbæk, K., & Hertzum, M. (2007). Untangling the usability of fisheye menus. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 14(2), Article 6. [ACM Digital Library]
• Jiang, Z.J., & Benbasat, I. (2007). The effects of presentation formats and task complexity on online consumers' product understanding. MIS Quarterly, 31(3), 475-500. [UNC libraries, via EBSCO Business Source Premier]
• Lin, M., Goldman, R., Price, K.J., Sears, A., & Jacko, J. (2007). How do people tap when walking? An empirical investigation of nomadic data entry. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65(9), 759-769. [UNC libraries]
• Weir, C., McKay, I., & Jack, M. (2007). Functionality and usability in design for eStatements in eBanking services. Interacting with Computers, 19(2), 241-256. [UNC libraries]
• Takagi, H., Saito, S., Fukuda, K., & Asakawa, C. (2007). Analysis of navigability of Web applications for improving blind usability. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 14(3), Article 13. [ACM Digital Library]
• Chevalier, A., & Kicka, M. (2006). Web designers and Web users: Influence of the ergonomic quality of the Web site on the information search. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64(10), 1031-1048. [UNC libraries]
• Chung, W. (2006). Studying information seeking on the non-English Web: An experiment on a Spanish business Web portal. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64(9), 811-829. [UNC libraries]
• Hone, K. (2006). Empathic agents to reduce user frustration: The effects of varying agent characteristics. Interacting with Computers, 18(2), 227-245. [UNC libraries]
• Komiak, S.Y.X., & Benbasat, I. (2006). The effects of personalization and familiarity on trust and adoption of recommendation agents. MIS Quarterly, 30(4), 941-960. [UNC libraries]
• Maes, A., van Geel, A., & Cozijn, R. (2006). Signposts on the digital highway: The effect of semantic and pragmatic hyperlink previews. Interating with Computers, 18(2), 265-282. [UNC libraries]
• Webster, J., & Ahuja, J.S. (2006). Enhancing the design of Web navigation systems: The influence of user disorientation on engagement and performance. MIS Quarterly, 30(3), 661-678. [UNC libraries]
• Sweeney, S., & Crestani, F. (2006). Effective search results summary size and device screen size: Is there a relationship? Information Processing & Management, 42(4), 1056-1074. [UNC libraries]
• White, R.W., & Ruthven, I. (2006). A study of the interface support mechanisms for interactive information retrieval. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 57(7), 933-948. [UNC libraries]
• Chen, S. Y., Magoulas, G. D., & Dimakopoulos, D. (2005). A flexible interface design for Web directories to accommodate different cognitive styles. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 56(1), 70-83. [UNC libraries]
• Käki, M., & Aula, A. (2005). Findex: improving search result use through automatic filtering categories. Interacting with Computers, 17(2), 187-206. [UNC libraries]
• Malama, C., Landoni, M., & Wilson, R. (2005). What readers want: A study of e-fiction usability. D-Lib Magazine, 11(5). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may05/wilson/05wilson.html.
• Guimbretiére, F., Martin, A., & Winograd, T. (2005). Benefits of merging command selection and direct manipulation. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interacation, 12(3), 460-476. [ACM Digital Library]
• Koshman, S. (2005). Testing user interaction with a prototype visualization-based information retrieval system. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 56(8), 824-833. [UNC libraries]
• Segall, N., Doolen, T. L., & Porter, J. D. (2005). A usability comparison of PDA-based quizzes and paper-and-pencil quizzes. Computers & Education, 45(4), 417-432. [UNC libraries]
• Colle, H. A., & Hiszem, K. J. (2004). Standing at a kiosk: Effects of key size and spacing on touch screen numeric keypad performance and user preference. Ergonomics, 47(13), 1406-1423. [UNC libraries]
• Ling, J., & van Schaik, P. (2004). The effects of link format and screen location on visual search of Web pages. Ergonomics, 47(8), 907-921. [UNC libraries]
• Nah, F. F.-H. (2004). A study on tolerable waiting time: how long are Web users willing to wait? Behaviour & Information Technology, 23(3), 153-163. [UNC libraries]
• Kumar, R. L., Smith, M. A., & Bannerjee, S. (2004). User interface features influencing overall ease of use and personalization. Information & Management, 41(3), 289-304. [UNC libraries]
• Jacko, J., Emery, V. K., Edwards, P. J., Ashok, M., Barnard, L., Kongnakorn, T., Moloney, K. P., & Sainfort, F. (2004). The effects of multimodal feedback on older adults' task performance given varying levels of computer experience. Behaviour & Information Technology, 23(4), 247-264. [UNC libraries]
• Sayers, H. (2004). Desktop virtual environments: a study of navigation and age. Interacting with Computers, 16(5), 939-956. [UNC libraries]
• Bedersen, B. B., Clamage, A., Czerwinski, M. P., & Robertson, G. G. (2004). DateLens: a fisheye calendar interface for PDAs. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 11(1), 90-119. [ACM Digital Library]
• Ji, Y. G., & Salvendy, G. (2004). Interface methods for using intranet portal organizational memory information system. Ergonomics, 47(15), 1585-1597. [UNC libraries]

Session 25: April 21, Usability studies: examples

• None

Session 26: April 23, Communicating the results of a usability test; Review

• Wilson, C.E. (2007). Please listen to me! Or, How can usability practitioners be more persuasive? interactions, 14(2), 44-45. [ACM Digital Library]

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© Barbara M. Wildemuth, 2008. All rights reserved.