INLS261/461 | Tools for Information Literacy

Types of charts

Charts are a useful way to illustrate data shown in worksheets. Excel has several different types of charts to select from depending on the sort of information you are using and the effect you wish to convey in the graphic.

Use a column chart or a bar chart to show comparisons.

Column charts compare values across categories.

bar charts are essentially the same thing, but oriented on the horizontal axis. Excel asserts they are the best chart type for comparing multiple values.

Use a line chart or an area chart to show trends or change over a period of time.

Line charts compare continuous data over time against a common scale and are ideal for showing trends.

Pie charts display percentages and are used to compare different parts of the same whole.

Don't use a pie chart to show the relationship or proportion or parts to a whole, unless you want your chart to be only metaphoric.

Area charts emphasize differences between several sets of data over a period of time.

Scatter charts compare pairs of values, depicting them as sets of X and Y coordinates.

Specialized displays - for example, Florence Nightingale's statistical charts

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Creating Charts

Start a chart by selecting the data (the source data) you want to chart. When doing so, keep the following points in mind:

• Excel will use the column and row headings as the axis titles and legend (you can select which is which)
• if your chart includes a total row, you most likely will not include this in the charted data. Just include the individual data series
• in some charts, you can chart only one series. That means you can select only one set of data to chart.

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Charting Tips

One can create the chart on a new worksheet or within the current worksheet, depending on the data is to be displayed.

Change colored data series to patterns and shades of gray if you plan to use the chart in a print document.

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Using the Chart tool

Select the data array to be charted

• go to the worksheet where the data is located and select the appropriate data array
  • NOTE: you usually do not want to select "Totaled" cells, columns, or rows

Select the Insert ribbon to see your chart options.

The tool will place the selected chart type on the same worksheet. You may wish to change this by moving the chart location to its own sheet.

To work on making the chart look and display as you wish it to, right click to reveal the chart editing options.

You have many formatting options, depending on the part of the chart that you select. Chart areas include:

• Chart area
• Plot area
• Data series
• Chart title
• Legend
• Axis
• Category axis title
• Value axis title
• and more depending on what options were selected in creating the chart.

You can also do more specific editing by right clicking and selecting the data to edit.

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Chart Formatting Things to know...when fine-tuning your chart

When you put your cursor over an area of the chart, a tooltip appears. The tooltips provides chart information. Each of these areas can be edited/formatted. If you put the cursor over data point in chart, the tooltip will tell you the value of the data point.

You may wish to add things to the chart that do not exist in the underlying data array.

You can add arrows, free-floating text, etc., using the drawing toolbar, but make sure the chart is selected before you add the arrow, for example, or it won't be put on the chart.

You can chart data on two axes to compare two values.

If you want to plot two values on the same grid, you can choose to have two differing axes if you use two differing data types.

You will need to change the series to a different chart type.

And then work to format two axes to depict two data sets on the same chart ...

... which will allow you to have two separate scales on a single grid.

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But you are not limited to the ribbon

You can make your own charts using the tools available. Jon Peltier offers a suggestion or you can follow Microsoft's advice.

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